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Somalia’s food systems hold the key to the country’s economic and social development. The way food is produced, processed, transported, traded, distributed, consumed and disposed of, brings forth an array of opportunity for prosperity within the country. However, for this revolution to occur the food system needs to be transformed in its capacity to be sustainable, resilient and support healthy diets.
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The Somali government acknowledges that food insecurity is also major contributor to conflict in the country and therefore advancements in the food system, and urgent action is needed to ensure that the food systems are able to support the food needs in Somalia. Total government revenue as a proportion of GDP increased from 3.9 per cent in 2018 to 4 per cent in 2019 however, statistics show that 70% of the population lives under the poverty line with 40% in extreme poverty. In addition to this, approximately half of female-headed households are living below the poverty line. One in every five Somali household depends on overseas remittances. It is anticipated that the impacts of COVID-19 may lead to a worsening situation among the vulnerable groups including those in urban centers and IDPs. A majority of the Somali population 65% are under the age of 35. Accelerating economic growth and increasing employment opportunities, particularly for young people, has been a priority for the FGS and as such is reflected in the NDP-9. However, the food system is not able to provide decent livelihood opportunities for the growing workforce. Reports indicate that one-quarter to one- third of Somali households are headed by a woman and they generate up to 70% of household income. Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a prerequisite for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable Somalia. TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT FOOD SYSTEMS IN SOMALIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION
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The food system faces an array of challenges in its potential to feed the growing population. Agriculture (crop production, livestock and fisheries) is an important source of livelihoods and employment in Somalia, representing 72 percent of employment in 2019. High rates of malnutrition with one in four people facing high levels of food insecurity and approximately 800 000 children under five at risk of acute malnutrition poses a great challenge for the country. The low levels of food production and productivity (in crop production, livestock and fisheries) has led to an increased dependency on humanitarian assistance as well as 60% of food imports.
